Issue #002

October, 2025

Wikipedia contributors. (n.d.). Vestigiality. In Wikipedia. Retrieved August 12, 2025, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vestigiality?utm_source=chatgpt.com
Wikipedia contributors. (n.d.). Cecum. In Wikipedia. Retrieved August 12, 2025, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cecum?utm_source=chatgpt.com
Keim, B. (2013, February 12). The appendix revolution. Wired. Retrieved August 12, 2025, from https://www.wired.com/2013/02/appendix-revolution?utm_source=chatgpt.com
Laurin, M., & Everett, M. L. (2022). The evolution of the appendix in mammals: Multiple independent appearances and losses. PubMed.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35363436/?utm_source=chatgpt.com
Oaklander, M. (2017, January 10). The surprising benefit of having an appendix. Time. Retrieved August 12, 2025, from https://time.com/4631305/appendicitis-appendix-gut-bacteria/?utm_source=chatgpt.com
The Scientist Staff. (2021, June 28). Why do humans have an appendix?. The Scientist. Retrieved August 12, 2025, from https://www.the-scientist.com/why-do-humans-have-an-appendix-72057?utm_source=chatgpt.com
INSERM. (2023, June 13). Protective effect of the appendix in primates against infectious diarrhea. Retrieved August 12, 2025, from https://presse.inserm.fr/en/chez-les-primates-lappendice-aurait-un-effet-protecteur-contre-les-diarrhees-infectieuses/67722/?utm_source=chatgpt.com

Shackleton, E. (1919). South: The Endurance Expedition. William Heinemann.
Worsley, F. (1940). Shackleton’s Boat Journey. Hodder & Stoughton.
Geiger, J. (2009). The Third Man Factor: Surviving the Impossible. Weinstein Books.
Simpson, J. (1988). Touching the Void. Jonathan Cape.
Eliot, T.S. (1922). The Waste Land. Boni and Liveright.
Royal Scottish Geographical Society. “Ernest Shackleton and the Third Man.” Link
National Geographic. “The Mystery of the Third Man Syndrome.” Link
BBC. “Third Man Factor: Who walks beside you in moments of peril?” Link

Darwin, C. (1875). Insectivorous Plants. London: John Murray.
Gibson, T. C., & Waller, D. M. (2009). Evolving Darwin’s “most wonderful” plant: ecological steps to a snap-trap. New Phytologist, 183(3), 575–587.
Schaefer, H. M., Ruxton, G. D. (2011). Deceptive fruits and flowers. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 104(4), 840–856.
Ellison, A. M., & Gotelli, N. J. (2001). Evolutionary ecology of carnivorous plants. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 16(11), 623–629.
Forterre, Y., Skotheim, J. M., Dumais, J., & Mahadevan, L. (2005). How the Venus flytrap snaps. Nature, 433(7024), 421–425.
Adamec, L. (2011). Ecophysiological traits of terrestrial carnivorous plants: A review. Aquatic Botany, 95(4), 199–213.
USDA Forest Service. (2020). Venus Flytrap (Dionaea muscipula). Retrieved from: https://www.fs.usda.gov/wildflowers/plant-of-the-week/dionaea_muscipula.shtml
North Carolina Botanical Garden. (2021). Venus Flytrap Facts. Retrieved from:

India Supreme Court order on stray dogs, 8‑week removal, shelters, bite stats, helpline mandates (The Guardian).
Pit Bull fatality statistics in U.S.: DogsBite.org, CDC, Dog Attacks by Breed, World Animal Foundation (DogsBite.org - Some dogs don't let go).
Pit Bull Victim Foundation and victim support references (Reddit).
Animal Farm Foundation advocacy background (Wikipedia).
Prehistoric and cross‑breeding narrative based on accepted general knowledge (not directly cited).
Pit Bull origin, name, and breeder history (Wikipedia).
Pit Bull population proportions in U.S. (WAF, Advanced Back and Neck Care).